What Are the Stages of Dementia and What to Expect?

Dementia is a journey that changes everything. It not only affects the person diagnosed but also those who care for them. At Lakewood Memory Care and Assisted Living in Brookfield, Wisconsin, we understand how overwhelming this path can feel. 

When someone you love is living with dementia, one of the most important things you can do is learn what to expect. Understanding the stages of dementia can help you prepare, make informed decisions, and feel more confident in supporting your loved one.

This guide walks you through the stages of dementia so you can understand how it progresses, what signs to look for, and how compassionate dementia care can support your family through every stage.

What Are the Stages of Dementia?

Dementia is a progressive condition that causes a decline in brain function. It affects memory, language, judgment, and the ability to perform everyday tasks. There are several types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and Lewy body dementia. While symptoms and timelines vary, all forms of dementia lead to increasing cognitive impairment over time.

The Global Deterioration Scale is commonly used to describe the seven stages of dementia, ranging from no impairment to very severe cognitive decline. These stages are not exact but provide a helpful framework for understanding how dementia symptoms may unfold.

Dementia is typically described across seven stages. The first three stages are often considered early indicators or warning signs, when symptoms may not yet interfere with daily life in a significant way. From stage four onward, the signs of dementia become more noticeable and begin to impact a person’s ability to live independently. By stage five, individuals generally need consistent support with day-to-day tasks.

Early Stage Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment

In the earliest stages, a person may experience mild cognitive impairment. This is not a normal part of aging. Instead, it may include forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating, or losing track of recent events. They may struggle to find familiar words or misplace everyday objects. These early symptoms are often subtle and may be dismissed at first.

During the early stage of dementia, individuals may still function independently. They might continue driving, working, or engaging in social activities. However, they may begin to notice a decline in their ability to handle complex tasks or remember important dates. Loved ones may notice they are more withdrawn or more easily frustrated.

Early stage Alzheimer's disease is often diagnosed at this point. A conversation with a healthcare provider is essential, as early intervention can help families access supportive dementia care and plan ahead for what is to come.

How Dementia Symptoms Change in the Middle Stage

The middle stage of dementia, also called moderate dementia or moderately severe dementia, typically brings more noticeable changes. A person in this stage may have increasing memory loss and may begin to forget familiar names or faces, including close family members. Problem solving, organizing thoughts, and performing everyday tasks like paying bills become more difficult.

As cognitive deficits increase, language skills and verbal abilities may also decline. Individuals may have trouble speaking clearly, remembering familiar words, or following conversations. They may repeat stories, confuse timelines, or become disoriented even in familiar places.

This stage may also bring mood swings and personality changes. A person might show signs of anxiety, agitation, or depression. Their ability to regulate emotions and cope with stress becomes compromised. Sleep patterns can also become disrupted. Assistance with daily living becomes more necessary as the person may need reminders to eat, take medication, or choose proper clothing.

Moderate Alzheimer's disease falls within this stage. At Lakewood, our person-centered memory care program is tailored to support residents through these changes with dignity and compassion.

Final Stage Dementia and Severe Cognitive Decline

In the final stage, also known as severe dementia or advanced dementia, the decline becomes much more pronounced. A person may lose the ability to speak, walk, or respond to their environment. They may no longer recognize close family members or recall any recent events. Communication is often limited to facial expressions or nonverbal gestures.

Cognitive impairment is accompanied by a significant decline in physical abilities. A person may be unable to feed themselves, control movements, or perform any daily tasks. Fecal incontinence is common, and individuals in this stage are at high risk for infections and other complications.

Late stage dementia affects every part of a person's being. It is emotionally difficult for families to witness, but it is also a time when meaningful care matters most. Our experienced staff at Lakewood provides around-the-clock support, comfort-focused care, and nurturing attention to both residents and their families.

How Brain Injury and Other Factors Influence Progression

Dementia affects people in different ways. A person's age, medical history, type of dementia, and other factors such as brain injury or high blood pressure can all influence how quickly or slowly cognitive decline progresses. For example, vascular dementia may advance in steps following a stroke, while frontotemporal dementia may begin with personality changes rather than memory problems.

The symptoms of dementia may appear gradually or follow a more sudden change. Families should watch for signs such as difficulty speaking, forgetting familiar words, becoming confused by current events, or struggling with basic everyday tasks.

Each stage is different for every individual, which is why personalized dementia care based on a person’s history and needs is so important. At Lakewood, our care approach honors the uniqueness of every resident and provides structure and purpose in each day.

The Importance of Quality Dementia Care at Every Stage

As dementia progresses, the need for structured, compassionate support grows. Dementia care is not just about physical assistance. It includes emotional connection, spiritual support, intellectual stimulation, and consistent routines.

At Lakewood, our holistic memory care program provides sensory engagement, meaningful activities, and a nurturing environment. Our experienced team uses each resident’s personal history to tailor their care plan, focusing on the strengths that remain rather than what has been lost.

Our community offers peaceful gardens, spiritual opportunities like devotional readings, and creative workshops that allow residents to engage at their own comfort level. Whether a resident is living with early stage Alzheimer’s or is navigating the challenges of severe dementia, our goal is to create moments of joy, comfort, and connection.

What to Expect and How Lakewood Can Support Your Family

Understanding what to expect during the stages of dementia helps families prepare with knowledge and compassion. Dementia is a progressive condition that impacts every area of life, but with the right care and support, it is possible to maintain dignity, comfort, and connection throughout the journey.

At Lakewood Memory Care and Assisted Living in Brookfield, Wisconsin, we walk this path with you. If you are supporting a loved one with dementia, we invite you to reach out and schedule a tour to learn more about our warm and supportive community.

Frequently Asked Questions

What types of dementia are most common?

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form, followed by vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Each type affects brain function differently.

What are some signs of trouble paying attention or processing information?

Signs include difficulty following conversations, confusion about recent events, or forgetting the purpose of everyday objects.

Can dementia be caused by something other than aging?

Yes. While age is a risk factor, dementia can also result from brain injury, heart disease, or other conditions that damage nerve cells.

How can families stay involved in care during the later stages?

Even when verbal abilities decline, families can provide comfort through touch, music, and being present. Lakewood offers special areas for bonding and encourages family participation in care.